Last and First Men, a 2020 film directed by Jóhann Jóhannsson, is an adaptation of the classic science fiction novel of the same name by British author Olaf Stapledon.
The book, published in 1930, spans billions of years, telling the story of humanity’s evolution from the present day to the last remnants of our species. The film, Jóhannsson’s directorial debut, is a haunting, visually stunning adaptation that captures the essence of Stapledon’s novel while providing a unique cinematic experience.
This article aims to provide a comprehensive exploration of the film and novel, analyzing key themes, characters, and locations, as well as diving into related media and curiosities.
Book summary and key themes
In Last and First Men, Stapledon presents a future history of humanity that spans a vast timeline, from the present day to over two billion years into the future. The novel explores the evolution of the human race through eighteen distinct species, each with its own unique characteristics and societal structures.
Central themes within the book include the cyclical nature of civilization, the importance of cooperation for survival, and the potential for humanity to evolve into something greater than its current form.
The book is narrated by one of the Last Men, a member of the eighteenth and final human species, who telepathically communicates with the reader, providing a unique perspective on humanity’s successes and failures throughout its evolution.
This narrative device allows Stapledon to explore complex philosophical and moral questions while maintaining a sense of immediacy and connection to the reader.
Movie summary and analysis
Jóhann Jóhannsson’s Last and First Men is a visually stunning, black-and-white film that combines elements of documentary, experimental cinema, and science fiction to create a unique adaptation of Stapledon’s novel.
The film features a mesmerizing narration by acclaimed actress Tilda Swinton, who embodies the voice of the Last Men, guiding the viewer through the vast timeline of human evolution.
The film’s visuals rely heavily on striking, monolithic architecture and haunting landscapes, which serve to evoke a sense of awe and wonder at the scale of the story being told.
Jóhannsson’s choice to present the film in black and white adds an element of timelessness and otherworldliness, further enhancing the film’s atmosphere.
Overall, the movie is a captivating adaptation that captures the essence of the novel while providing a new and unique perspective on the material.
Parent guide and content warnings
Last and First Men is a thought-provoking and visually stunning film that may be suitable for older teenagers and adults. However, due to its complex themes and philosophical nature, it may not be appropriate for younger viewers.
The film contains some scenes of violence, as well as discussions of war, societal collapse, and the extinction of the human species. Parents are advised to use their discretion when deciding if the film is suitable for their children.
When and where does Last and First Men take place?
The novel’s timeline spans over two billion years, beginning in the present day and progressing through various stages of human evolution.
The story is set across countless locations throughout the cosmos, as humanity colonizes other planets and solar systems in its quest for survival.
The film adaptation, while retaining the vast timeline of the novel, focuses primarily on Earth and its immediate surroundings, utilizing real-world locations and architecture to create a sense of familiarity and grounding amidst the grand scale of the story.
Exploring the film locations
Last and First Men was filmed primarily in the country of Montenegro, utilizing the country’s unique landscape and architecture to create the film’s striking visual style.
Many of the film’s most iconic shots were captured at the Spomenik monuments, a series of Brutalist sculptures and memorials built throughout the former Yugoslavia during the 20th century.
These imposing, otherworldly structures serve as a perfect backdrop for the film’s exploration of humanity’s future evolution, evoking a sense of both wonder and unease.
Who’s who: Main characters and their roles
The primary character in Last and First Men is the narrator, a member of the eighteenth and final human species who telepathically communicates with the reader (in the book) and the viewer (in the film).
In the film adaptation, this character is voiced by Tilda Swinton, who lends an ethereal quality to the narration, further immersing the audience in the story.
The other characters in Last and First Men are not individuals in the traditional sense, but rather entire species and civilizations of humanity throughout its evolution.
Each of the eighteen human species has its own unique characteristics, societal structures, and challenges to overcome, providing a diverse array of perspectives on the human experience.
Memorable quotes from Last and First Men
Some memorable quotes from both the book and film adaptation of Last and First Men include:
- “The past is but the beginning of a beginning, and all that is and has been is but the twilight of the dawn.”
- “The universe now appeared to us as a void wherein floated a million million galaxies, themselves void”
- “But humanity, it seemed, would never cease to torment itself with needless fears and hopes and regrets.”
These quotes capture the essence of the story’s themes, exploring humanity’s evolution, the vastness of the universe, and the eternal struggle of the human spirit.
The haunting soundtrack by Jóhann Jóhannsson
The soundtrack for Last and First Men was composed by the film’s director, the late Jóhann Jóhannsson. The score is a haunting and evocative piece of music that perfectly complements the film’s visuals and themes. Jóhannsson’s music is characterized by its use of atmospheric, droning sounds and unconventional instrumentation, creating a soundscape that is both immersive and otherworldly.
Unveiling curiosities and hidden gems
Throughout the book and film adaptation, there are numerous hidden gems and curiosities that add depth and intrigue to the story. For example, the novel contains many references to real-world science and philosophy, providing a foundation for the speculative nature of the narrative.
Additionally, the film’s use of real-world locations and architecture, such as the Spomenik monuments, invites further exploration and research into the history and culture that inspired the story.
Tips for cosplay and dressing like the characters
As Last and First Men primarily explores entire species and civilizations rather than individual characters, cosplaying or dressing like the characters may be more about embodying the themes and aesthetic of the story rather than replicating specific outfits.
Some suggestions for incorporating the story’s themes into your cosplay or wardrobe may include:
- Utilizing monochromatic colors and minimalist designs to evoke the stark, otherworldly atmosphere of the film.
- Incorporating geometric shapes and patterns inspired by the architecture and landscapes featured in the film.
- Experimenting with futuristic or avant-garde fashion styles that challenge traditional notions of human beauty and identity.
Olaf Stapledon: A brief biography and his works
Olaf Stapledon (1886-1950) was a British philosopher and author, best known for his groundbreaking science fiction novels, including Last and First Men, Star Maker, and Odd John. Born in Wirral, England, Stapledon studied at Balliol College, Oxford, and later earned a PhD in philosophy from the University of Liverpool.
His works are characterized by their expansive scope, imaginative concepts, and exploration of philosophical themes, which have influenced countless science fiction authors and filmmakers since their publication.
Last and First Men: Ending explained
In the final chapters of Last and First Men, the eighteenth human species faces the impending destruction of the solar system due to the sun’s transformation into a red giant. Despite their vast knowledge and technological prowess, they are ultimately unable to save themselves from extinction.
However, they embrace their fate with a sense of peace and acceptance, recognizing that they have reached the pinnacle of human evolution and have contributed to the greater cosmic tapestry.
The ending serves as a poignant reminder of the fragility of life and the inevitability of change, as well as a celebration of the potential for humanity to evolve and adapt in the face of adversity.
Possibilities of a remake, sequel, or spin-off
While there are currently no announced plans for a remake, sequel, or spin-off of Last and First Men, the story’s vast timeline and imaginative concepts provide ample material for future adaptations and expansions.
Given the recent resurgence of interest in science fiction and the continued relevance of Stapledon’s themes, it is possible that new interpretations of the story may emerge in the future.
Other notable media by Jóhann Jóhannsson
In addition to his work as a film director, Jóhann Jóhannsson was an accomplished composer, known for his innovative and emotive film scores.
Some of his most notable works include the soundtracks for Arrival, Sicario, and The Theory of Everything, for which he received numerous awards and critical acclaim.
Similar media and works to Last and First Men
For those interested in exploring further media and works related to Last and First Men, some recommendations include:
- Star Maker by Olaf Stapledon – Another expansive and imaginative science fiction novel by Stapledon, exploring the history and future of the universe.
- 2001: A Space Odyssey by Arthur C. Clarke and Stanley Kubrick – A classic science fiction novel and film that shares thematic elements with Last and First Men, such as humanity’s evolution and place in the cosmos.
- The World at the End of Time by Frederik Pohl – A novel that explores the far future of humanity and the universe, with a focus on the nature of time and existence.
Other fascinating works by Olaf Stapledon
Olaf Stapledon’s body of work includes several other thought-provoking and imaginative science fiction novels and short stories, such as:
- Odd John – A novel that explores the concept of the “superhuman” and the implications for society and morality.
- Sirius – A story about a dog with human-level intelligence and the challenges he faces in both the human and canine worlds.
- The Flames – A short story that imagines a race of sentient, flame-based beings and their struggle for survival.
Book club discussion questions
Some questions for book clubs to consider when discussing Last and First Men include:
- How does the narrator’s perspective (as a member of the Last Men) influence the reader’s understanding of the story?
- What role does cooperation play in the survival and evolution of the various human species?
- How does Stapledon’s exploration of the cyclical nature of civilization challenge or support our understanding of history and progress?
Video games and other interactive experiences inspired by Last and First Men
While there are no direct video game adaptations of Last and First Men, the story’s themes and concepts have influenced numerous interactive experiences, such as:
- Civilization series – A strategy game series that tasks players with guiding a civilization from the dawn of history to the space age, with a focus on the cyclical nature of progress and conflict.
- Stellaris – A grand strategy game that allows players to explore and colonize the galaxy, encountering diverse alien species and confronting the vast scale of the universe.
- No Man’s Sky – An open-world exploration game set in a procedurally generated universe, where players can discover countless planets, species, and civilizations.
A travel guide to visit Last and First Men locations
For those interested in visiting the real-world locations featured in the film adaptation of Last and First Men, a trip to Montenegro and the former Yugoslavia offers the opportunity to explore the striking Spomenik monuments and experience the unique landscape and architecture firsthand.
Some notable Spomenik monuments to consider visiting include:
- Monument to the Revolution (Kozara, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
- Petrova Gora Monument (Croatia)
- Podgarić Monument (Croatia)
Conclusion
Last and First Men is a timeless and thought-provoking work of science fiction that continues to captivate and inspire readers and viewers to this day.
Through its exploration of humanity’s potential for evolution and progress, as well as the inevitable challenges and setbacks we face, the story serves as both a cautionary tale and a celebration of the human spirit.
Whether experienced through Olaf Stapledon’s original novel or Jóhann Jóhannsson’s visually stunning film adaptation, Last and First Men offers a unique and unforgettable journey through the vast expanse of time and space.
