Indian Horse, a novel written by Ojibwe author Richard Wagamese, was published in 2012 and quickly garnered widespread acclaim.
The story follows the life of Saul Indian Horse, an Ojibwe boy who survives the horrors of the Canadian residential school system and finds solace in the sport of ice hockey.
The novel was later adapted into a feature film directed by Stephen S. Campanelli, released in 2017.
This article aims to delve deep into the world of Indian Horse, providing an in-depth book and movie analysis.
So, sit back and immerse yourself in the captivating world of Saul Indian Horse and his incredible journey.
In-Depth Book Summary and Analysis
The novel Indian Horse begins with Saul Indian Horse, an Ojibwe man in his 30s, recounting his life story while in a rehabilitation center. As Saul narrates his experiences, the reader is taken on a journey through his childhood, starting with his early years in the Canadian wilderness, where he is surrounded by his loving family and immersed in Ojibwe culture. However, tragedy strikes as illness and death devastate his family, and Saul is forcibly taken to St. Jerome’s Indian Residential School.
The residential school, run by Catholic priests and nuns, is a place of horrific abuse, both physical and sexual, as well as cultural erasure. Despite the traumatic experiences, Saul finds solace in the sport of ice hockey. He displays a natural talent for the game and eventually gains the attention of a local coach, who helps him transition into a career in competitive hockey. However, the lingering trauma of his past continues to haunt him.
As Saul’s hockey career progresses, he encounters racism and discrimination that ultimately push him over the edge. His life spirals downward, leading him to alcoholism and self-destruction. It is only when he returns to his roots, reconnecting with his Ojibwe heritage, that Saul begins to heal and find hope for the future.
The novel’s conclusion is a poignant reminder of the power of identity, resilience, and the human spirit.
In-Depth Movie Summary and Analysis
The 2017 film adaptation of Indian Horse, directed by Stephen S. Campanelli and produced by Clint Eastwood, closely follows the narrative of the book while adding its own cinematic flair.
The film begins in the 1950s, with a young Saul Indian Horse (played by Sladen Peltier) being taken from his family and forced into St. Jerome’s Indian Residential School. The school, led by the cruel and abusive Father Gaston (Michiel Huisman), is a harrowing place where the children are stripped of their culture and subjected to horrific abuse.
Saul’s saving grace comes in the form of hockey, a sport he quickly excels in under the tutelage of the compassionate Father Quinney (Michael Murphy). Saul’s natural talent leads him to a junior hockey league, where he faces racial prejudice and discrimination from both his teammates and opponents. As the film progresses, Saul (now played by Forrest Goodluck) struggles with the trauma of his past and his growing disillusionment with the sport he once loved.
The climax of the movie sees Saul returning to his Ojibwe roots, seeking solace in the land and culture that he was once forced to abandon. The film’s conclusion emphasizes the importance of healing, forgiveness, and the power of cultural identity. With striking cinematography and powerful performances, the Indian Horse film offers a visceral and emotional adaptation of Wagamese’s novel.
Parent Guide: What to Know Before Watching or Reading
Indian Horse deals with heavy themes such as racism, cultural erasure, and abuse within the Canadian residential school system. As such, it may not be suitable for young children or sensitive readers.
Both the book and the film contain scenes of physical and sexual abuse, as well as alcoholism and self-destructive behavior. Therefore, it is essential for parents to be aware of these elements and make an informed decision about whether Indian Horse is appropriate for their child.
When and Where: Setting and Film Locations
The Indian Horse story spans several decades, from the 1950s to the 1980s, and takes place primarily in Ontario, Canada. As a result, the setting plays an essential role in establishing the atmosphere and tone of the story.
The book showcases the beauty of the Canadian wilderness and the deep connection between the Ojibwe people and their land. The film adaptation further emphasizes this connection through its stunning cinematography, showcasing the breathtaking landscapes of Northern Ontario.
The residential school setting is also crucial to understanding the historical context of Indian Horse. These institutions, which operated in Canada from the 1800s until the late 20th century, aimed to assimilate Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian society by forcibly removing them from their families and stripping them of their language, culture, and identity. The stark, oppressive environment of St. Jerome’s Indian Residential School serves as a haunting backdrop for both the book and the film.
Who’s Who: Character Insights and Descriptions
Indian Horse is populated by a diverse cast of characters, each with their own unique experiences and perspectives.
The following is a brief overview of some of the primary characters featured in both the book and the film:
- Saul Indian Horse: The protagonist and narrator of the story, Saul is an Ojibwe man who recounts his experiences in a residential school, his hockey career, and his struggle to overcome the trauma of his past. He is portrayed by Sladen Peltier (young Saul) and Forrest Goodluck (teenage/adult Saul) in the film adaptation.
- Father Gaston: A cruel and abusive priest who runs St. Jerome’s Indian Residential School, Father Gaston is a primary antagonist in Saul’s story. He is portrayed by Michiel Huisman in the film.
- Father Quinney: A compassionate priest who takes an interest in Saul’s hockey skills and encourages his development in the sport. Father Quinney is portrayed by Michael Murphy in the film.
- Fred Kelly: A fellow residential school survivor and friend of Saul’s, Fred Kelly serves as a source of support during Saul’s journey. He is portrayed by Ajuawak Kapashesit in the film.
- Lonnie: A residential school survivor who later becomes a rival on the ice, Lonnie is a complex character who represents the effects of trauma on different individuals. He is portrayed by Kiowa Gordon in the film.
Memorable Quotes from Indian Horse
Indian Horse is filled with memorable quotes that capture the essence of the story and its themes.
Here are just a few noteworthy lines from both the book and the film:
- “When your innocence is stripped from you, when your people are denigrated, when the family you came from is denounced and your tribal waysare pronounced backward, primitive, savage, you come to see yourself as less than human. That is hell on earth, that sense of unworthiness. That’s what they inflicted on us.” – Saul Indian Horse (from the book)
- “Hockey is a white man’s game. They only let us play if they can use us.” – Saul Indian Horse (from the film)
- “You can’t change the past. But the future is wide open.” – Saul Indian Horse (from the film)
- “We were warriors once. And we could be again.” – Saul Indian Horse (from the film)
These quotes highlight the themes of cultural identity, trauma, and resilience that are central to the Indian Horse story.
The Soundtrack by Jesse Zubot
The Indian Horse film features a hauntingly beautiful soundtrack composed by Jesse Zubot. The score incorporates traditional Indigenous music, including drumming and singing, as well as orchestral arrangements. The result is a moving and emotional accompaniment to the story’s themes of cultural identity and healing.
In addition to the original score, the Indian Horse soundtrack also features songs by various artists, including Buffy Sainte-Marie and Kashtin. These songs further emphasize the connection between Indigenous culture and the land, as well as the enduring strength of Indigenous communities.
Curiosities and Trivia about Indian Horse
- Richard Wagamese, the author of Indian Horse, was an Ojibwe writer and journalist who passed away in 2017, the same year the film was released.
- The Indian Horse film was shot on location in Northern Ontario, including in the town of Sudbury and on the shores of Lake Nipissing.
- The role of Saul Indian Horse’s grandmother, Naomi, was played by renowned Indigenous actress Tantoo Cardinal.
- The Indian Horse film was produced by Clint Eastwood’s production company, Malpaso Productions.
- The film’s director, Stephen S. Campanelli, is a longtime collaborator of Clint Eastwood’s and has worked as a camera operator on many of Eastwood’s films.
Tips for Cosplay: Dressing like Indian Horse Characters
For fans of Indian Horse who are looking to embody the characters in their cosplay or Halloween costumes, there are several key elements to consider.
For characters like Saul Indian Horse and Fred Kelly, who are depicted in the residential school uniforms, a gray or brown suit jacket and pants, white collared shirt, and tie are a must. Adding a black fedora and a pair of ice skates can further enhance the look.
For characters like Lonnie, who wears a leather jacket and jeans, or Saul’s grandmother Naomi, who wears traditional Ojibwe clothing, incorporating elements like beaded jewelry, moccasins, and feather headdresses can add authenticity to the outfit. Additionally, incorporating hockey gear like a stick or helmet can further emphasize the characters’ connection to the sport.
Richard Wagamese: Author Biography and Works
Richard Wagamese, the author of Indian Horse, was an Ojibwe writer and journalist who was born in 1955 in Northern Ontario. His writing often explored themes of Indigenous identity, history, and culture, and his work has been widely recognized and celebrated.
In addition to Indian Horse, Wagamese’s other notable works include the novels Medicine Walk and Starlight, as well as the memoir One Native Life. He also wrote a regular column for the Calgary Herald and was a frequent contributor to CBC Radio.
Wagamese’s writing has been praised for its honesty, insight, and compassion, and his legacy continues to inspire readers and writers alike.
Ending Explained: Decoding the Conclusion
The ending of Indian Horse, both the book and the film, is a powerful and emotional conclusion to Saul’s journey. After years of struggling with the trauma of his past and the racism he encounters in his hockey career, Saul returns to his Ojibwe roots and finds healing in the land and culture that he was forced to abandon.
In the book, Saul concludes his narration with a reflection on the power of identity and the importance of remembering one’s history, stating, “I am who I am because of what I have experienced and what I have learned. I won’t forget my past, but I won’t let it define me either. I will not be what they made me.” This statement emphasizes the resilience and strength of Indigenous communities in the face of historical trauma and cultural erasure.
The film’s conclusion offers a more visual and symbolic representation of Saul’s journey, as he walks through the forest and encounters a vision of his younger self playing hockey. The scene is a powerful reminder of the importance of cultural identity and the role that sports and recreation can play in healing and connection.
Indian Horse Adaptations: Remakes, Sequels, and Spin-offs
As of yet, there have been no official announcements regarding remakes, sequels, or spin-offs of Indian Horse. However, given the story’s cultural significance and widespread popularity, it is possible that we may see further adaptations in the future.
In the meantime, fans of Indian Horse can explore other works by Richard Wagamese, as well as the filmography of Stephen S. Campanelli.
Additionally, there are several books and films that explore similar themes to Indian Horse, including Thomas King’s The Inconvenient Indian and Jeff Barnaby’s Rhymes for Young Ghouls.
Other Media by Stephen S. Campanelli
Stephen S. Campanelli, the director of the Indian Horse film, has a prolific filmography as a camera operator and director.
Some of his other notable works include:
- Sully (2016)
- American Sniper (2014)
- The Changeling (2008)
- Million Dollar Baby (2004)
- Mystic River (2003)
Campanelli’s work is often characterized by its visual style and emotional resonance, and his collaborations with Clint Eastwood have helped establish him as a significant figure in the film industry.
Exploring Similar Media to Indian Horse
For fans of Indian Horse who are looking for other works that explore similar themes and subject matter, there are several options to consider. Here are a few recommendations:
- The Inconvenient Indian by Thomas King: This nonfiction book explores the history of Indigenous peoples in North America, as well as the ongoing effects of colonialism and cultural erasure.
- Rhymes for Young Ghouls (2013): This film, directed by Jeff Barnaby, tells the story of a young Indigenous girl who seeks revenge against the white man who has imprisoned her father.
- The Round House by Louise Erdrich: This novel follows the story of a young Indigenous boy who seeks justice for his mother, who has been brutally attacked and left for dead.
These works, like Indian Horse, explore the themes of trauma, resilience, and the enduring strength of Indigenous communities.
Book Club Questions: Discussing Indian Horse
For book clubs or discussion groups who are interested in delving deeper into the themes and questions raised by Indian Horse, here are some discussion questions to consider:
- How does Indian Horse challenge conventional ideas about sports and athleticism?
- What role does cultural identity play in the story of Indian Horse, and how does it impact Saul’s journey?
- How does Indian Horse depict the trauma of the residential school system, and what effect do these depictions have on the reader/viewer?
- What is the significance of the title Indian Horse, and how does it relate to the themes of the story?
- How does Indian Horse explore the relationship between Indigenous peoples and the land, and what effect does this have on the characters’ journeys?
These questions can serve as a starting point for rich and engaging discussions about Indian Horse and its themes.
Indian Horse in Video Games: Gaming Experiences
As of yet, there are no video games based on Indian Horse. However, there are several games that explore similar themes and subject matter, including:
- Never Alone (2014): This puzzle-platformer game, developed in collaboration with the Iñupiaq community of Alaska, tells the story of a young girl and her arctic fox companion as they navigate a world inspired by Iñupiaq folklore.
- Survivance (2017): This interactive graphic novel, created by Indigenous artist Elizabeth LaPensée, explores the history and ongoing effects of colonialism on Indigenous communities.
- Mulaka (2018): This action-adventure game, developed by Mexican studio Lienzo, takes place in the Sierra Tarahumara region of Mexico and draws heavily on Tarahumara mythology and culture.
These games offer unique and engaging experiences that explore the power of storytelling and the importance of cultural identity.
Travel Guide: Visiting Indian Horse Filming Locations
The movie adaptation of Indian Horse brings the novel’s powerful story to life through stunning visuals and evocative cinematography.
If you’re interested in exploring the world of Indian Horse firsthand, consider visiting some of the film’s beautiful filming locations:
- Sudbury, Ontario – Many of the movie’s scenes were shot in and around the city of Sudbury, including the residential school and the wooded areas where Saul finds solace in nature. The region’s rugged landscape and pristine lakes provide a breathtaking backdrop for the story, making it a must-visit destination for fans of the film.
- Manitoulin Island, Ontario – As the world’s largest freshwater island, Manitoulin Island is a natural wonder that offers visitors a unique opportunity to immerse themselves in Indigenous culture. The island is home to several First Nations communities, and the film’s producers worked closely with local residents to ensure an authentic representation of the story. Visit the island’s numerous art galleries, cultural centers, and historic sites to learn more about the rich history and traditions of the Anishinaabe people.
- Peterborough, Ontario – The city of Peterborough served as the backdrop for many of the film’s hockey scenes, with the local Memorial Centre arena standing in for the various rinks where Saul showcases his skills. Peterborough is a vibrant city with a strong hockey culture, making it an ideal destination for sports enthusiasts and fans of Indian Horse alike.
Conclusion: The Lasting Impact of Indian Horse
Indian Horse is a powerful story that has touched the hearts of countless readers and viewers around the world.
By exploring the devastating impact of residential schools on Indigenous communities, the novel and its film adaptation have helped to raise awareness and promote healing and reconciliation.
The story’s themes of resilience, hope, and the importance of cultural heritage continue to resonate with audiences, making Indian Horse a timeless and essential work of art.
Whether you’re participating in a book club discussion, exploring similar video games, or planning a trip to visit the film’s stunning locations, there are countless ways to engage with the world of Indian Horse.
As you delve deeper into the story, you’ll gain a greater appreciation for the novel’s powerful message and the lasting impact it has on readers and viewers alike.
